LETTER PERFECT (?)


Someone at one of my lectures on design asked an interesting question…what was my favorite letter?
I was thinking R because it serves as my initial, or O for its zen-like simplicity.  But I quickly realized that the question was being asked typographically...this, after all, was a presentation on form and shape.  And in that case, the answer was swift and clear.
The letter Q.
I have always been a fan of Q ever since my dinky little fingers could trace its outline.  It has the simplicity of the O but with the flair of that swash that the letter R can only dream of.

Formal type design has been a fascination of graphic designers since the Greeks invented our modern alphabet; in fact, I have been to many presentations in which designers insist that graphic design is type design.  Nothing matters more.
Personally I would not go that far because, to me, formal type design offers relatively little room for self-expression compared to, say, image creation.  In some ways, the more personal and distinctive a letterform, the harder it is to read, thereby undermining the visual communication which is the basic goal in the first place. 
Still, there are a few areas in the discipline where flourishes are called for and even useful.  Italic capitals, the descenders of lower-case Y's, and of course, ampersands.  It is with this in mind that I came to the Q with its mix of staid circle and daring swash that calls out for the designer's touch. 

Most historians of type believe that the Q evolved from a Phoenician character called the Qoph or Goph – which meant "monkey” – and may account for the tail.  The Qoph also represented an emphatic guttural sound not found in English or any Indo-European language.  Sometime after 900 BCE, the Greeks adopted Qoph as they began to assemble what would become the modern Romance language alphabet.  But finding the guttural sound difficult to pronounce, they changed it to "Koppa." 
Confusion with other letters of the evolving alphabet – the Greek letter Kappa, for example – led to the banishment of the symbol from the Greek alphabet for a time.  Enter the Etruscans, who saved the day for Q.  The Koppa continued in their variation of the Greek alphabet even though the Etruscans had basically three different symbols representing the k-sound.  Besides the Koppa, which was used before the vowel sound '"u", there was a "c" used before other vowels, and a "k" used before an "a".       
The Romans, next in the alphabetic line, decided to use all three symbols and over time the Roman Koppa evolved into a round shape with a curly tail, to distinguish it from the  letters "o" and "p".  It is that curly tail that has been one of the delicacies of typographic attention. 

But, as in all design arts, the creator does not have a completely free hand.  We find our freedom within constraints.  When used as an ordinary letter in text – as opposed to a graphic statement meant to be seen not read – the tail must not be so small as to confuse the letter with an "o", or so large as to be distracting and carry the eye away from the text.  Too fancy and you lose the simplicity; too simple, you lose the grace.  It should also flow left to right to facilitate reading, but still appear to be part of the letter and not an appendage.      
Think that all sounds simple enough?  Then try your hand on some large-scale samples of the letter O and see what happens; nothing makes the point like personal experience.  You will quickly see that designing a Q is more than just a typographic dalliance.  It is a true exploration into that thin realm where creativity and practicality meet.
The place where all great design dwells.
Q.E.D.  I rest my case.

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